Dual Nationality in Germany: What Changed Fundamentally in 2024
On 27 June 2024, a landmark legislative change came into force in Germany: the reform of the Nationality Act (Staatsangehörigkeitsgesetz, StAG). For the first time, Germany allows all nationals who naturalise to keep their previous nationality. No more choosing between two passports.
History: Why Was Dual Nationality Not Previously Possible?
Until the 2024 reform, Germany followed the principle of avoiding multiple nationalities: anyone wishing to apply for German citizenship was generally required to give up their previous nationality.
Exceptions were narrow:
- EU citizens and Swiss nationals
- Persons for whom renouncing their nationality was unreasonable
- Refugees and stateless persons
- Older applicants (hardship clause)
For nationals from non-EU countries — including Turkish, Moroccan, Iranian or French citizens — naturalisation almost always meant losing their passport of origin.
The 2024 Reform: What the New Law Introduces
The new Staatsangehörigkeitsgesetz (in force since 27 June 2024) brings two central changes:
1. Dual Nationality for Everyone
The requirement to renounce previous nationality is abolished entirely. Anyone who meets the German naturalisation requirements can apply for and acquire German citizenship without having to give up their existing passport.
2. Shorter Minimum Residence Period
- Standard case: reduced from 8 to 5 years
- Special integration achievements: from 3 years
- Spouse of a German citizen: 3 years within an existing marriage
What Does the Reform Mean for French Nationals Living in Germany?
French nationals who have been living legally in Germany for at least 5 years can now apply for German citizenship — without giving up their French passport.
In practice, this means:
- Two valid passports (French and German)
- Voting rights in Germany and in France
- Consular protection from both countries when travelling abroad
- Access to all EU citizen rights in both countries
Legal note: France recognises dual nationality. Franco-German dual citizenship has been possible without bureaucratic complications since June 2024.
How to Apply for Naturalisation
- Check residence requirement: at least 5 years with a valid residence permit in Germany
- Prove German language skills: B1 certificate (Goethe, telc or DTZ)
- Prepare and sit the naturalisation test
- Gather documents: passport, registration certificate, proof of income, photo, language certificate
- Submit application to the competent naturalisation authority
- Await decision: 6 months to 2 years, depending on the federal state
Cost: €255 per person (children under 16: €51)
For the full guide to naturalisation: Naturalisation in Germany — the complete guide
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Does the new law apply to applications already in progress? Yes. The law applies to all applications decided after 27 June 2024 — including applications submitted before that date but not yet decided.
Do I need to renew my foreign passport after naturalisation? No, but it is advisable to keep it valid if you wish to travel to or maintain ties with your country of origin.
What if my country of origin does not recognise dual nationality? Some countries (e.g. India, China, South Korea) automatically require renunciation of their nationality upon naturalisation elsewhere. This is a decision of the country of origin, not Germany. Check the legal position of your country of origin before applying.
Dual Passport, Double Opportunities
The 2024 reform is a turning point: Germany is opening up to genuine dual identities without forced choices. Our experts guide you through the naturalisation process — thoroughly, swiftly and without errors.